一、About Understanding the Test Object Model 关于了解测试对象模型 QuickTest tests your dynamically changing application by learning and identifying test objects and their expected properties and values. During recording QuickTest analyzes each object in your application much the same way that a person would look at a photograph and remember its details. QuickTest 通过记住和标识测试对象及其预期的属性和属性值，对动态更改的应用程序进行测试。在录制期间，QuickTest 对应用程序中每个对象进行分析的方式与一个人看一张图片然后记住其细节的方式大致相同。 In the following narrative you will be introduced to the concepts related to the test object model and how QuickTest uses the information it gathers to test your application. 在以下叙述中，将向您介绍与测试模型相关的概念，以及 QuickTest 如何使用它所收集的信息来测试应用程序。 1、Understanding How QuickTest Learns Objects While Recording 了解 QuickTest 如何在录制时记住对象 QuickTest learns objects just as you would. QuickTest 像您那样记住对象。 For example, suppose as part of an experiment, Jonny is told that he will be shown a photograph of a picnic scene for a few seconds during which someone will point out one item in the picture. Jonny is told that he will be expected to identify that item again in identical or similar pictures one week from today. 例如，假定作为实验的一部分，Jonny 被通知将向他展示一张野餐场景的图片，时间为几秒钟，在此期间，将会有人指出图片中的一个项目。自今天起一周后，Jonny 需要在相同或相似的图片中再次识别出该项目。 Before he is shown the photograph, Jonny begins preparing himself for the test by thinking about which characteristics he wants to learn about the item that the tester indicates. Obviously, he will automatically note whether it is a person, inanimate object, animal, or plant. Then, if it is a person, he will try to commit to memory the gender, skin color, and age. If it is an animal, he will try to remember the type of animal, its color, and so forth. 在看到图片之前，Jonny 自己开始为测试做准备，考虑对于测试者指出的项目，需要记住该项目的哪些特征。显然，他将自动记住该项目是人、无生命物体、动物还是植物。如果是人，他将尝试记住其性别、肤色和年龄。如果是动物，他将尝试记住其类型、颜色等。 The tester shows the scene to Jonny and points out one of three children sitting on a picnic blanket. Jonny notes that it is a caucasian girl about 8 years old. In looking at the rest of the picture, however, he realizes that one of the other children in the picture could also fit that description. In addition to learning his planned list of characteristics, he also notes that the girl he is supposed to identify has long, brown hair. 测试者向 Jonny 展示场景，并从三个坐在野餐毯上的孩子中指定一个。Jonny 注意到这是一个 8 岁左右的白种女孩。但在查看图片中的其他内容时，他意识到图片中的另一个孩子也符合这种描述。除了记住计划的特征列表以外，Jonny 还记下自己应该识别出的这个女孩留着褐色的长发。 Now that only one person in the picture fits the characteristics he learned, he is fairly sure that he will be able to identify the girl again, even if the scene the tester shows him next week is slightly different. 注意：图片中只有一个人符合他记住的特征，所以，即使测试者下周展示的场景稍有不同，他也相当肯定能够再次识别出这个女孩。 Since he still has a few moments left to look at the picture, he attempts to notice other, more subtle differences between the child he is supposed to remember and the others in the picture—just in case. 由于还剩下一点看图片的时间，因此，只是为了以防万一，Jonny 试着注意自己应该记住的这个孩子与图片中其他孩子之间更细微的差别。 If the two similar children in the picture appeared to be identical twins, Jonny might also take note of some less permanent feature of the child, such as the child\'s position on the picnic blanket. That would enable him to identify the child if he were shown another picture in which the children were sitting on the blanket in the same order. 如果图片中两个相似的孩子看上去像一对双胞胎，那么 Jonny 还会记下这个孩子的一些不那么永久的特征，如这个孩子在野餐毯上的位置。这样，如果向他展示的另一张图片中，这些孩子仍按相同的顺序坐在毯子上，他也能够识别出这个孩子。 QuickTest uses a very similar method when it learns objects during the recording process. QuickTest 采用了极为类似的方法，以便在录制过程中记住对象。 First, it \"looks\" at the object on which you are recording and stores it as a test object, determining in which test object class it fits. Just as Jonny immediately checked whether the item was a person, animal, plant, or thing. QuickTest might classify the test object as a standard Windows dialog box (Dialog), a Web button (WebButton), or a Visual Basic scroll bar object (VbScrollBar), for example. 首先，它将“观看”您要录制的对象，然后将其作为测试对象进行存储，确定该对象符合的测试对象类。正如 Jonny 会立即检查项目是人、动物、植物还是东西，QuickTest 也会对测试对象进行分类，例如，标准 Windows 对话框 (Dialog)、Web 按钮 (WebButton) 或 Visual Basic 滚动条对象 (VbScrollBar)。 Then, for each test object class, QuickTest has a list of mandatory properties that it always learns; similar to the list of characteristics that Jonny planned to learn before seeing the picture. When you record on an object, QuickTest always learns these default property values, and then \"looks\" at the rest of the objects on the page, dialog box, or other parent object to check whether this description is enough to uniquely identify the object. If it is not, QuickTest adds assistive properties, one by one, to the description, until it has compiled a unique description; like when Jonny added the hair length and color characteristics to his list. If no assistive properties are available, or if those available are not sufficient to create a unique description, QuickTest adds a special ordinal identifier, such as the object\'s location on the page or in the source code, to create a unique description, just as Jonny would have remembered the child\'s position on the picnic blanket if two of the children in the picture had been identical twins. 然后，对于每个测试对象类，QuickTest 都有一个始终要记住的强制属性的列表，类似于 Jonny 在看到图片之前计划要记住的特征的列表。当您录制对象时，QuickTest 始终记住这些默认的属性值，然后“视图”页面上其余的对象、对话框或其他父对象，以检查该描述是否足以唯一标识该对象。如果不足以进行唯一标识，QuickTest将向该描述中逐项添加辅助属性，直到经过编译成为唯一的描述为止，就像 Jonny 向他的列表中添加头发的长度和颜色特征一样。如果没有可用的辅助属性，或者那些可用的辅助属性仍不足够创建一个唯一的描述，QuickTest 将添加一个特殊的顺序标识符（例如页面上或源代码中对象的位置）以创建唯一的描述，正如图片中的两个孩子是一对双胞胎时，Jonny 要记注孩子在野餐毯上的位置一样。 2、Understanding How QuickTest Identifies Objects During the Run Session 了解 QuickTest 如何在运行会话过程中标识对象 QuickTest also uses a very human-like technique for identifying objects during the run session. 在运行会话期间，QuickTest 也会像人那样采用类似的技术来标识对象。 Suppose as a continuation to the experiment, Jonny is now asked to identify the same \"item\" he initially identified but in a new, yet similar environment. 假定继续该实验，现在 Jonny 需要在一个新的、但仍然相似的环境中识别出同一个“项目”。 The first photograph he is shown is the original photograph. He searches for the same caucasian girl, about eight years old, with long, brown hair that he was asked to remember and immediately picks her out. In the second photograph, the children are playing on the playground equipment, but Jonny is still able to easily identify the girl using the same criteria. 他所看到的第一张图片是原来的图片。他需要找出原来要求他记住的这个相同的留着褐色长发、大约 8 岁的白种女孩，并能立即指出这个女孩。在第二张图片中，这些孩子们正在操场设备上玩，但 Jonny 仍然能够使用相同的条件很容易地识别出这个女孩。 Similarly, during a run session, QuickTest searches for a run-time object that exactly matches the description of the test object it learned while recording. It expects to find a perfect match for both the mandatory and any assistive properties it used to create a unique description while recording. As long as the object in the application does not change significantly, the description learned during recording is almost always sufficient for QuickTest to uniquely identify the object. This is true for most objects, but your application could include objects that are more difficult to identify during subsequent run sessions. 同样，在运行会话期间，QuickTest 也会搜索与录制时记住的测试对象的描述完全匹配的运行时对象。它需要找到与录制时用于创建唯一描述的强制属性和任何辅助属性完全匹配的对象。只要应用程序中的对象没有较大的改变，录制过程中记住的描述几乎总是足以使 QuickTest 唯一标识出该对象。对于大部分对象，这种方法是适用的，但应用程序中包含的某些对象可能在后续运行会话期间很难标识。 Consider the final phase of Jonny\'s experiment. In this phase, the tester shows Jonny another photograph of the same family at the same location, but the children are older and there are also more children playing on the playground. Jonny first searches for a girl with the same characteristics he used to identify the girl in the other pictures (the test object), but none of the caucasian girls in the picture have long, brown hair. Luckily, Jonny was smart enough to remember some additional information about the girl\'s appearance when he first saw the picture the previous week. He is able to pick her out (the run-time object), even though her hair is now short and dyed blond. 考虑 Jonny 实验中的最后一个阶段。在该阶段中，测试者向 Jonny 展示了另一张图片，同一个家庭在同一个位置，但孩子们都长大了，并且还有许多孩子正在操场上玩。Jonny 首先会通过与他用来在其他图片中识别出这个女孩（测试对象）的相同的特征来查找这个女孩，但图片中并没有留着褐色长发的白种女孩。不过很幸运，在上周第一次看到图片时，聪明的 Jonny 还记住了有关这个女孩外貌的其他一些信息。即使现在女孩的头发剪短了，并染成了金色，他仍然能够指出这个女孩（运行时对象）。 How is he able to do this? First, he considers which features he knows he must find. Jonny knows that he is still looking for a caucasian female, and if he were not able to find anyone that matched this description, he would assume she is not in the photograph. 他是怎么做到的呢？首先，他会考虑哪些特征是他必须找到的。Jonny 知道他仍要查找一个白种的女性，如果他找不到任何与该描述匹配的人，那么他将假定她不在图片中。 Once he has limited the possibilities to the four caucasian females in this new photograph, he thinks about the other characteristics he has been using to identify the girl—her age, hair color, and hair length. He knows that some time has passed and some of the other characteristics he remembers may have changed, even though she is still the same person. 将可能性限制为新图片中的四个白种女性后，他会考虑曾用于识别这个女孩的其他特征 - 她的年龄、头发的颜色和头发的长度。他知道已经过去了一段时间，即使她是同一个人，某些他记住的其他特征也可能已经改变了。 Thus, since none of the caucasian girls have long, dark hair, he ignores these characteristics and searches for someone with the eyes and nose he remembers. He finds two girls with similar eyes, but only one of these has the petite nose he remembers from the original picture. Even though these are less prominent features, he is able to use them to identify the girl. 因此，既然没有留着黑色长发的白种女孩，他就会忽略这些特征，而通过他记住的眼睛和鼻子的特征来查找符合的人选。他找到了两个女孩都有相似的眼睛，但其中只有一个具有小巧的鼻子，这是他从原来的图片中记住的特征。即使没有显著的特征，他也能够识别出这个女孩。 QuickTest uses a very similar process of elimination with its Smart Identification mechanism to identify an object, even when the recorded description is no longer accurate. Even if the values of your test object properties change, QuickTest\'s TestGuard technology maintains your test or component\'s reusability by identifying the object using Smart Identification. For more information on Smart Identification, see Configuring Object Identification. 即使录制的描述不再准确，QuickTest 也能通过其“智能标识”机制使用非常相似的排除过程来标识对象。即使测试对象属性的值有所改变，QuickTest 的 TestGuard 技术机制也能通过使用“智能标识”标识对象从而维护测试或组件的可重用性。有关“智能标识”的详细信息，请参阅配置对象标识。 The remainder of this guide assumes familiarity with the concepts presented here, including test objects, run-time objects, object properties, mandatory and assistive properties, and Smart Identification. An understanding of these concepts will enable you to create well-designed, functional tests or components for your application. 本指南的其余部分假定您熟悉此处出现的概念，包括测试对象、运行时对象、对象属性、强制和辅助属性以及“智能标识”。通过了解这些概念，可以为应用程序创建精心设计的功能测试或组件。 ——songfun摘自官方 QuickTest Professional User\'s Guide 相关阅读： QTP：关于对象识别的一点心得 QTP：对象映射（自定义对象）应用 关于QTP的测试对象的进一步改进 浅谈QTP中的测试对象 |
